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Exam 8: Cognition and Language

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Question 31

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A girl named Genie was exposed to virtually no language from the age of 20 months till the age of 13.In what way does Genie's case offer support for the notion of a critical period in language acquisition?

A) With intensive instruction,Genie acquired a sizeable vocabulary after the age of 13; moreover,she eventually mastered the rules of syntax.
B) Even with intensive instruction,Genie acquired only a very small vocabulary after the age of 13; furthermore,she never mastered the complexities of a language.
C) Once she was no longer isolated,Genie acquired a sizeable vocabulary and eventually mastered the rules of syntax,even without intensive formal instruction.
D) Genie's case is irrelevant to the notion of a critical period.

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Question 32

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Can computers think? Provide as thoughtful an answer as you can,considering the ability of current computers to solve complex problems and to demonstrate creativity.

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The followin...

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Question 33

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When you play tic-tac-toe using certain mental shortcuts,you are using cognitive strategies psychologists call:

Which type of reasoning do psychologists use when they study a sample of participants and then use the information they observe to form a conclusion about the broader population from which the sample is drawn?

Describe in as much detail as you can the mental representation of objects and categories.Provide illustrative examples where appropriate.

Lori and Monica are looking at the cans of coffee on display at a local supermarket.They are trying to decide which of two different-sized cans will be the better buy.Lori attempts to divide the price of each can by the number of ounces of coffee each can contains.Monica suggests that "the larger size is usually a better buy." Lori is using a(n) ____,whereas Monica is using a(n) _____.

Which of the following factors is NOT closely related to creativity?

Someone relying on convergent thinking would answer _____ to the query "What can you do with a toothbrush?"

Which of the following is TRUE about mental images?

Sandy,a true believer in astrology,reads in her horoscope that today is her lucky day.She gets so excited that she spills coffee all over herself,necessitating a change of clothes.As a result,she is late for work and for a very important meeting,which in turn gets her into serious trouble with her boss.In the evening,her brother is taken to the emergency room.On her way to visit him,Sandy finds a dime in the hospital parking lot.What will Sandy do,based on the research on confirmation bias?

_____are representations in the mind of an object or event.

A political science professor attempts to facilitate her students' completion of a term paper assignment by requiring to first submit a topic statement,then a list of references,then a draft of the introduction,then,finally,the completed paper.The professor is encouraging her students to use the problem-solving strategy of:

Thomas Edison invented the light bulb only because he experimented with thousands of different kinds of materials for a filament before he found one that worked (carbon) .This shows that at the most basic level,we can solve problems through _____.

Nigel often cites newspaper editorials favoring the presidential candidate he supports.He appears to ignore editorials' criticism of the candidate.Nigel appears to be prone to:

Which of the following statements best expresses the nature of mental images?

When people are asked which is more common,death by homicide or death by stroke,they often choose homicide because they hear more about murders than they do about strokes.In this instance,people are led astray in their judgments by:

Theorists taking an interactionist approach to language acquisition:

Dr.Ireland's class is attempting to find derivatives,whereas Dr.Jamison's class is developing campaign strategies for a local politician.Which of the following statements is most likely TRUE?

Henry's dog Sparky has been rolling in the mud.Henry must bathe Sparky before the dog gets mud all over the carpet.However,Henry is unable to find the plug for the tub.Sitting on the counter right beside the tub is a fifty-cent piece.In his frustration,Henry fails to see that the coin could be used as an emergency plug for the tub.What happened to Henry?

The theory that language acquisition follows the principles of reinforcement and conditioning is known as the _____ approach.