Question 1

Connie's children earn gold stars during the week for good behavior and completing their chores.If they earn enough gold stars, they are allowed on Sunday to choose one item out of a "grab bag" of small prizes.Connie is using _____ with her children.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary reinforcers.
B)  token reinforcers.
C)  CAI.
D)  CERs.

Question 2

Regarding the experiments using intracranial self-stimulation (ICS)  of the pleasure centers, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  When rats self-administer nicotine, they are even more likely to engage in ICS because nicotine further increases the sensitivity of the pleasure pathways.
B)  After the rats had pressed the ICS lever to exhaustion, they were less likely to press the lever again once they were revived.
C)  Humans who have had direct brain stimulation report feeling intense pleasure that is better than food, water, sex, or drugs.
D)  Intracranial self-stimulation (ICS)  is considered to be a primary reinforcer.

Question 3

Which of the following is a real world example of using the KRtechnique to change people's behaviors so that they will increase their conservation efforts?

Accepted Answer

A)  information regarding the number of gallons of water consumed that week
B)  cash back for recycling
C)  an energy tax on gasoline
D)  none of these

Question 4

After scrub jays have been allowed to store worms and nuts in different locations, the scrub jays released after four hours fly to the worms, but do not fly to the worms if they are released five days later.This illustrates that the scrub jays

Accepted Answer

A)  are sensitive to the passage of time.
B)  are cognitive time travelers.
C)  realize that the worms would be decayed after a day
D)  are characterized by all of these.

Question 5

A(n)  _____ reinforcer is a learned reinforcer that often gains its reinforcing properties by its association with food, water, or sex.

Accepted Answer

A)  primary
B)  classical
C)  unconditional
D)  secondary

Question 6

Drawbacks to punishment include

Accepted Answer

A)  that it may encourage aggression.
B)  that people and situations associated with punishment may become feared or disliked.
C)  that it may encourage escape and avoidance learning.
D)  all of these.

Question 7

Negative attention seeking by children demonstrates the impact of _____ on behavior.

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulus generalization
B)  social reinforcers
C)  response costs
D)  prepotent responses

Question 8

_____ explains why young children may temporarily call all men daddy, much to the embarrassment of their parents.

Accepted Answer

A)  Latent learning
B)  Response chaining
C)  Operant stimulus discrimination
D)  Operant stimulus generalization

Question 9

A(n)  _____ reinforcer is a tangible secondary reinforcer, such as money, gold stars, and poker chips that can be exchanged for food, lodgings, and other necessities.

Accepted Answer

A)  token
B)  social
C)  unconditioned
D)  negative

Question 10

Printed money has little or no value of its own, but you can exchange it for food, water, lodging, and other necessities.Thus, money would be considered a type of _____ reinforcer.

Accepted Answer

A)  token
B)  unconditional
C)  second-order
D)  negative transfer

Question 11

Which of the following might serve as a secondary reinforcer?

Accepted Answer

A)  ICS
B)  praise
C)  food
D)  a psychoactive drug

Question 12

Social reinforcers consist of

Accepted Answer

A)  primary and secondary reinforcers.
B)  knowledge and ability.
C)  the learned desires for attention and approval.
D)  positive environment stimuli and a lack of punishment.

Question 13

Regarding avoidance learning, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It involves both classical and operant conditioning.
B)  Once avoidance is learned it is very persistent.
C)  Once the individual avoids the event, he/she gets no information to change his/her expectancy.
D)  All of these statements are true regarding avoidance learning.

Question 14

A gambler playing a slot machine is reinforced on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed ratio
B)  variable interval
C)  variable ratio
D)  continuous

Question 15

When a stimulus consistently precedes rewarded responses, it tends to elicit a response.When a stimulus consistently precedes non-reward, it tends to inhibit responding.This states the principle of

Accepted Answer

A)  partial reinforcement.
B)  variable ratio responding.
C)  stimulus control.
D)  generalization.

Question 16

One approach to applying learning principles to improve conservation efforts involves changing the _____ regarding wasteful energy use and polluting.

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditional responses
B)  primary reinforcers
C)  consequences
D)  conditioned stimuli

Question 17

Regarding avoidance learning, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It involves making a response in order to postpone or prevent discomfort.
B)  Each time a situation is avoided, the person is reinforced by a sense of relief.
C)  Punishment encourages avoidance learning.
D)  All of these statements are true regarding avoidance learning.

Question 18

Every time you have a cold, you take a cold remedy to get rid of the symptoms.You are taking the medicine because of

Accepted Answer

A)  response cost.
B)  extinction.
C)  positive reinforcement.
D)  negative reinforcement.

Question 19

If the teacher never calls on you when you raise your hand, you will probably stop raising your hand.This decrease in your hand raising due to the teacher ignoring you is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement.
B)  desensitization.
C)  extinction.
D)  stimulus generalization.

Question 20

Juan is paid $5 for every ten bags of "nuts and bolts" that he puts together, according to instructions.Juan is on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed interval
B)  fixed ratio
C)  variable ratio
D)  variable interval

Exam 7: Extension B: Conditioning and Learning

Which of the following is a real world example of using the KRtechnique to change people's behaviors so that they will increase their conservation efforts?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regarding avoidance learning, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One approach to applying learning principles to improve conservation efforts involves changing the _____ regarding wasteful energy use and polluting.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A gambler playing a slot machine is reinforced on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Connie's children earn gold stars during the week for good behavior and completing their chores.If they earn enough gold stars, they are allowed on Sunday to choose one item out of a "grab bag" of small prizes.Connie is using _____ with her children.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Drawbacks to punishment include

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regarding the experiments using intracranial self-stimulation (ICS) of the pleasure centers, which of the following statements is FALSE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After scrub jays have been allowed to store worms and nuts in different locations, the scrub jays released after four hours fly to the worms, but do not fly to the worms if they are released five days later.This illustrates that the scrub jays

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Social reinforcers consist of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ explains why young children may temporarily call all men daddy, much to the embarrassment of their parents.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Juan is paid $5 for every ten bags of "nuts and bolts" that he puts together, according to instructions.Juan is on a _____ schedule of reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Every time you have a cold, you take a cold remedy to get rid of the symptoms.You are taking the medicine because of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regarding avoidance learning, which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the teacher never calls on you when you raise your hand, you will probably stop raising your hand.This decrease in your hand raising due to the teacher ignoring you is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Negative attention seeking by children demonstrates the impact of _____ on behavior.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A(n) _____ reinforcer is a tangible secondary reinforcer, such as money, gold stars, and poker chips that can be exchanged for food, lodgings, and other necessities.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following might serve as a secondary reinforcer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Printed money has little or no value of its own, but you can exchange it for food, water, lodging, and other necessities.Thus, money would be considered a type of _____ reinforcer.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a stimulus consistently precedes rewarded responses, it tends to elicit a response.When a stimulus consistently precedes non-reward, it tends to inhibit responding.This states the principle of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A(n) _____ reinforcer is a learned reinforcer that often gains its reinforcing properties by its association with food, water, or sex.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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