Question 1

With regard to the physiological basis of temperament,Jerome Kagan argues that children inherit a physiology that predisposes them to develop a particular type of temperament.He also believes that

Accepted Answer

A)   the environment does not play a role in shaping temperament.
B)   through experience children learn to modify their temperament.
C)   temperament does not take its final shape until the child has interacted with caregivers.
D)   previous theories are incorrect.

Question 2

In the Strange Situation,Latoya basically ignored her mother,was not upset when she left the room,and did not seek her out when she returned.Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Latoya as

Accepted Answer

A)   securely attached.
B)   insecure avoidant.
C)   insecure resistant.
D)   insecure antisocial.

Question 3

Children with low activity levels and somewhat negative attitudes are classified as

Accepted Answer

A)   easy children.
B)   difficult children.
C)   slow-to-warm-up children.
D)   slow children.

Question 4

This theorist was interested in individual differences in attachment and developed the observational measure called the Strange Situation in order to formulate and test his/her theories.

Accepted Answer

The answer of This theorist was interested in individual differences...

Question 5

Janine impatiently grabs the door handle from her toddler daughter,quickly opens the door,and hurries the little girl through.Erik Erikson would say that Janine's daughter

Accepted Answer

A)   has already developed a sense of shame and doubt due to her mother's behavior in this instance.
B)   will develop a healthy sense of autonomy by resisting interactions like this.
C)   will not develop shame and doubt if this type of interaction occurs consistently.
D)   will develop a sense of shame and doubt if this type of interaction occurs consistently.

Question 6

When put on the floor to play,baby Elaine cries as if she wants to be held.When her mother picks her up,though,Elaine pushes away with both arms and turns her head away.Mary Ainsworth would say that Elaine is

Accepted Answer

A)   securely attached.
B)   insecure avoidant.
C)   insecure resistant.
D)   insecure organized.

Question 7

The Strange Situation is an observational measure of infant attachment developed by Mary Ainsworth.It requires the infant to

Accepted Answer

A)   crawl through a dark tunnel with his or her mother and a stranger waiting on the other side.
B)   experience a series of introductions,separations,and reunions with the mother and a stranger.
C)   experience loud noises in a room when placed in a room with only an adult stranger present.
D)   choose between his or her mother and his or her father while experiencing a strange situation.

Question 8

Little Katie runs up to her mother and says,"Me scared." Katie is at least

Accepted Answer

A)   1 year old.
B)   18 months old.
C)   2 years old.
D)   3 years old.

Question 9

Distinguish between reflexive and social smiles.

Accepted Answer

A reflexive smile does not occur in resp...

Question 10

Which of the following would Erik Erikson be MOST likely to recommend about soothing a crying infant?

Accepted Answer

A)   Do not soothe the baby,because he or she will be spoiled.
B)   Pick up the baby and soothe him or her so that a healthy sense of trust develops.
C)   Arrange the environment to meet all the baby's needs,so that he or she does not need to cry.
D)   Soothe the baby about every other time,so that he or she does not become dependent on external comforters.

Question 11

The Harry Harlow (1958) study concluded that contact comfort is more important for attachment than feeding.What evidence was used to support this conclusion?

Accepted Answer

A)   Baby monkeys cried when separated from their mothers and stopped crying when reunited with their mothers.
B)   Baby monkeys spent more time with cloth surrogate mothers than with wire surrogate mothers.
C)   Baby monkeys spent more time with wire surrogate mothers than with cloth surrogate mothers.
D)   Baby monkeys spent more time with surrogate mothers that fed them regardless of whether the mothers were wire or cloth.

Question 12

"Reading" emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of "Reading" emotional cues in others to help...

Question 13

Reciprocal socialization is _______,whereas scaffolding is _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   dyadic; polyadic
B)   polyadic; dyadic
C)   unidirectional; bidirectional
D)   bidirectional; unidirectional

Question 14

Explain reciprocal socialization and scaffolding.

Accepted Answer

Reciprocal socialization is socializatio...

Question 15

Caregivers' attempts to help infants soothe their emotions influence

Accepted Answer

A)   children's ability to use their caregivers as a social reference later in life.
B)   neurobiological regulation of emotions.
C)   facial displays of basic emotions.
D)   the timing of the appearance of self-conscience emotions.

Question 16

Emotions,such as embarrassment,pride,shame,and guilt,appear in infants/toddlers around two years of age.These emotions are referred to as ____________ because they involve the emotional reactions of others when they are expressed by children.

Accepted Answer

self-conscious emoti...

Question 17

Marcus and Debra used to go out quite often.Since their baby's birth,they have preferred spending time at home playing with the baby or going to places where they can stroll with the baby leisurely and window-shop.This change in Marcus and Debra's behavior is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   attachment.
B)   scaffolding.
C)   the infant socializing the parents.
D)   the parents socializing the infant.

Question 18

Socialization that is bidirectional; that is,children socialize parents just as parents socialize children.

Accepted Answer

reciprocal...

Question 19

According to John Bowlby,at what age do infants/children begin to take into consideration the feelings of others before acting?

Accepted Answer

A)   6 months
B)   12 months
C)   24 months
D)   36 months

Question 20

A child is most likely to use social referencing in _______ situations.

Accepted Answer

A)   familiar
B)   complex
C)   frightening
D)   ambiguous

Exam 4: Physical Development and Health

In the Strange Situation,Latoya basically ignored her mother,was not upset when she left the room,and did not seek her out when she returned.Mary Ainsworth would most likely classify Latoya as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Emotions,such as embarrassment,pride,shame,and guilt,appear in infants/toddlers around two years of age.These emotions are referred to as ____________ because they involve the emotional reactions of others when they are expressed by children.

Correct Answerverifiedself-conscious emoti...View AnswerShow Answer

Children with low activity levels and somewhat negative attitudes are classified as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Marcus and Debra used to go out quite often.Since their baby's birth,they have preferred spending time at home playing with the baby or going to places where they can stroll with the baby leisurely and window-shop.This change in Marcus and Debra's behavior is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Caregivers' attempts to help infants soothe their emotions influence

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"Reading" emotional cues in others to help determine how to act in a particular situation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to John Bowlby,at what age do infants/children begin to take into consideration the feelings of others before acting?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Distinguish between reflexive and social smiles.

Correct AnswerverifiedA reflexive smile does not occur in resp...View AnswerShow Answer

This theorist was interested in individual differences in attachment and developed the observational measure called the Strange Situation in order to formulate and test his/her theories.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Harry Harlow (1958) study concluded that contact comfort is more important for attachment than feeding.What evidence was used to support this conclusion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When put on the floor to play,baby Elaine cries as if she wants to be held.When her mother picks her up,though,Elaine pushes away with both arms and turns her head away.Mary Ainsworth would say that Elaine is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would Erik Erikson be MOST likely to recommend about soothing a crying infant?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Strange Situation is an observational measure of infant attachment developed by Mary Ainsworth.It requires the infant to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Reciprocal socialization is _______,whereas scaffolding is _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Janine impatiently grabs the door handle from her toddler daughter,quickly opens the door,and hurries the little girl through.Erik Erikson would say that Janine's daughter

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Little Katie runs up to her mother and says,"Me scared." Katie is at least

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

With regard to the physiological basis of temperament,Jerome Kagan argues that children inherit a physiology that predisposes them to develop a particular type of temperament.He also believes that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Socialization that is bidirectional; that is,children socialize parents just as parents socialize children.

Correct Answerverifiedreciprocal...View AnswerShow Answer

Explain reciprocal socialization and scaffolding.

Correct AnswerverifiedReciprocal socialization is socializatio...View AnswerShow Answer

A child is most likely to use social referencing in _______ situations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
self-conscious emoti...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A reflexive smile does not occur in resp...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Reciprocal socialization is _,whereas scaffolding is _.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
reciprocal...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
Reciprocal socialization is socializatio...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified