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Mariposa is in the Strange Situation; she moves freely away from her mother but keeps track of where she is through periodic glances.She would most likely be classified as:


A) insecurely attached.
B) extremely inhibited.
C) securely attached.
D) difficult.

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Caregivers of _____ babies often neglect or physically abuse them.


A) adaptive
B) avoidant
C) resistant
D) disorganized

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In which of the following situations will 9-month-old Lucy show the LEAST stranger anxiety?


A) When she meets an unsmiling stranger at her home
B) When she meets another 9-month-old baby at her home
C) When she meets a passive stranger in an unfamiliar place
D) When she meets an aggressive stranger in an unfamiliar place

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The United States currently allows up to _____ weeks of _____ leave for caring for a newborn.


A) 12; unpaid
B) 14; paid
C) 18; paid
D) 18; unpaid

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According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas,a(n) _____ child has a low activity level,is somewhat negative,and displays a low intensity of mood.


A) slow-to-warm-up
B) easy
C) difficult
D) flexible

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Betty and Allen's child,Cara,is usually in a pleasant mood.She has a regular routine but can readily adapt to changes.According to Chess and Thomas,Cara would be classified as a(n) :


A) passive child.
B) easy child.
C) slow-to-warm-up child.
D) inhibited child.

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The match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands with which the child must cope.

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Three-month-old Zoey looks up at her mother and smiles.Researchers call this type of smiling:


A) trust smiling.
B) social smiling.
C) reflexive smiling.
D) attachment smiling.

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Makiko feels ashamed when her friend comes over for a play-date and teases her about wearing night-time diapers.This is an example of _____ emotions.


A) primary
B) other worldly
C) other-conscious
D) conscious

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According to a recent meta-analysis,secure attachment in infancy was linked to:


A) social competence with peers in childhood.
B) more externalizing behaviors in preschool.
C) more internalizing behaviors in middle school.
D) higher dropout rates in high school.

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Researchers have had mothers put a dot of rouge on the noses of babies and place the babies in front of mirrors to see their reaction.These researchers are studying the concept of:


A) trust.
B) attachment.
C) temperament.
D) sense of self.

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When put on the floor to play,baby Elaine cries as if she wants to be held.When her mother picks her up,though,Elaine pushes away with both arms and turns her head away.Mary Ainsworth would say that Elaine is:


A) securely attached.
B) insecure avoidant.
C) insecure resistant.
D) insecure organized.

Correct Answer

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When one-month-old Mai is sleeping,it often looks like she is smiling.This is an example of a _____ smile.


A) private
B) reflexive
C) natural
D) social

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Emotions are influenced by both _____ foundations and by a person's experiences.


A) biological
B) cognitive
C) physical
D) desires

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Describe the three main types of insecurely attached infants and specify how each would respond upon the "reunion" stage of the experiment.

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(a)Insecure avoidant babies exhibit inse...

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_____ can be used to support children's efforts at any age.


A) Asynchronous communication
B) Unidirectional interchange
C) Scaffolding
D) Authoritative parenting

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_____ involves individual differences in behavioral styles,emotions,and characteristic ways of responding.


A) Attachment
B) Temperament
C) Perception
D) Social referencing

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Sakura isn't a particularly active child,and he tends to be wary of new situations and people.Although he doesn't cry,he dislikes dealing with novel situations.According to Thomas and Chess,he would be classified as a(n) :


A) easy child.
B) difficult child.
C) slow-to-warm-up child.
D) slow child.

Correct Answer

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When toddlers hear their parents quarreling,they


A) often increase their level of play.
B) often react with distress.
C) are oblivious to what their parents are doing.
D) smile more than usual.

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List the three types of cries that have been identified in babies.

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Babies hav...

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