Exam 4: The Vertebral Column

A) The sacral surface is formed from the fused bodies of S1 to S4.
B) Both the sacral and innominate articular surfaces are covered with fibrocartilage.
C) There is a pattern of elevations and ridges only on the sacral surfaces.
D) The innominate articular surface is "C" shaped.

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A) Posterior vertebral body
B) Posterior longitudinal ligament
C) Anterior longitudinal ligament
D) Facet capsule

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A) Just lateral to the spinous process of T11
B) Just lateral to the spinous process of T10
C) Just lateral to the spinous process of T9
D) Just lateral to the spinous process of T8

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A) C0 to C1
B) C1 to C2
C) C4 to C5
D) C6 to C7

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B

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The thoracic region,in general,is more s...

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A) Annular lamina are oriented 60° to the horizontal plane of the intervertebral disc.
B) It resists tensile forces in all directions.
C) The water and proteoglycans content of the anulus is greater than the collagen content.
D) Anulus is vascular in the adult.

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A) Lateral flexion
B) Rotation
C) Flexion
D) Extension

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The anterior longitudinal ligament becom...

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(a)Thoracic region-The supraspinous ligament runs from C7 to the sacrum but blends with the insertion of the lumbar extensors.Therefore,although not really unique to the thoracic region,it is not obvious in the lumbar region and changes its name in the cervical region.The supraspinous ligament checks flexion. (b)Lumbar region-The interspinous and intertransverse ligaments are well developed in the lumbar area only.The interspinous checks flexion,while the intertransverse ligaments are important checks to lateral flexion to the opposite side as well as to rotation in both directions. (c)Cervical region-The alar ligaments are unique to the segments between C2 and the occiput.They are paired ligaments attached to the dens and to the foramen magnum.The alar ligaments check rotation between C1 and C2.The supraspinous ligament changes to the ligamentum nuchae,which runs from C7 to the occiput of the skull.It predominantly checks flexion.

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Lumbopelvic rhythm is analogous to scapu...

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A) Increased proteoglycan concentration in the nucleus pulposus
B) Increased water-binding capacity
C) Increased collagen content in nucleus pulposus
D) Increased elastin content in the anulus fibrosis

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The pedicles are the two prominences by ...

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The anterior portion of the typical vert...

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A) Tight erector spinae muscles (R)
B) Stiff facet joint capsule on (L)
C) Poor strength (L) internal and external oblique muscles
D) Facet joint osteophyte on (R)

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A) Loss of horizontal trabeculae
B) Loss of vertical trabeculae
C) Loss of osteophyte formation
D) Loss of cortical bone

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A

A) Ipsilateral facet moves caudal and anterior; contralateral facet moves caudal and lateral.
B) Ipsilateral facet moves cephalic and posterior; contralateral facet moves caudal and posterior.
C) Ipsilateral facet moves caudal and anterior; contralateral facet moves cephalic and posterior.
D) Ipsilateral facet moves cephalic and medial; contralateral facet moves cephalic and medial.

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A) posterior rotation,nutation
B) anterior rotation,counternutation
C) posterior rotation,counternutation
D) anterior rotation,nutation

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During compression of the vertebrae,stre...

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