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Value at Risk provides an estimate of the worst possible loss a firm can incur with a given probability.

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Companies can benefit from risk management if their incomes fluctuate across different tax brackets.

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Which of the following best describes the delta normal method?


A) a method of managing a delta hedge to assure a low gamma
B) the historical method when the distribution is normal
C) the Monte Carlo method when price changes are normally distributed
D) the analytical method applied to options
E) a method of measuring changes in an option's delta

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A bond subject to default is equivalent to


A) a payer swaption
B) a call and a default-free bond
C) a put and a call
D) a default-free bond and a short put
E) none of the above

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Conditional Value at Risk is the expected loss,given that a loss occurs.

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Operational risk is more difficult to manage than market risk and credit risk.

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Which of the following best describes a credit default swap?


A) it is protected against default
B) it has a higher rate to compensate for the possibility of one party defaulting
C) it carries a higher credit rating than most other swaps
D) it off if another party external to the swap defaults
E) none of the above

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Systemic risk is


A) the risk of a failure of the entire financial system
B) the risk associated with broad market movements
C) the risk of a failure of a firm's financial risk management system
D) the risk of large price movements throughout the financial system
E) none of the above

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A dealer who engages in derivatives transactions with customers of low credit quality will offer a less attractive rate.

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If a firm holds a position in an option,it can delta and gamma hedge the position by adding a position in another option.

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Which of the following methods is not used to reduce credit risk?


A) delta-gamma-vega hedging
B) collateral
C) marking to market
D) limiting the amount of business you do with a party
E) none of the above

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The risk that a party will not pay while the counterparty is sending payment is called


A) wire transfer risk
B) payment risk
C) settlement risk
D) cross-border risk
E) none of the above

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Each of the following is a benefit of practicing risk management by companies except


A) companies can manage risk better than their shareholders
B) risk management can avoid bankruptcy costs
C) risk management can lower taxes
D) risk management can increase employment opportunities
E) risk management can help prevent companies from passing up valuable investment opportunities

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A total return swap allows substitution of the total return on a bond for the total return on a loan of comparable maturity.

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Vega hedging is required only in options portfolios.

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Eurodollar futures are widely used to hedge gamma and vega risk.

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Legal risk is the risk that the government will declare derivatives illegal.

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Which of the following instruments could be used to execute a delta,gamma and vega hedge?


A) a swap
B) an option
C) a futures
D) an FRA
E) none of the above

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The risk that errors can occur in inputs to a pricing model is called


A) input risk
B) model risk
C) pricing risk
D) valuation risk
E) none of the above

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Market risk is which of the following


A) the risk associated with failing to properly record market transactions
B) the risk that a dealer will lose market share to a competing dealer
C) the risk associated with movements in such factors as interest rates and exchange rates
D) the risk of the government declaring a transaction illegal
E) none of the above

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