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The exposure therapies used today were refined by


A) Sigmund Freud.
B) Joseph Wolpe.
C) Aaron Beck.
D) Carl Rogers.

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In which form of therapy is unwanted behavior systematically associated with unpleasant experiences?


A) virtual reality exposure therapy
B) systematic desensitization
C) cognitive therapy
D) aversive conditioning

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Inserting a medical instrument through each eye socket was part of a procedure known as


A) ECT.
B) rTMS.
C) the double-blind procedure.
D) a lobotomy.

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Which form of therapy is most likely to emphasize the importance of examining a person's role within a social system?


A) cognitive therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) family therapy
D) client-centered therapy

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Tony's episodes of depression have not been relieved by antidepressant drugs or psychotherapy.If physicians decide,as a last resort,to administer the safest and least-invasive brain stimulation therapy to treat Tony,they would recommend


A) deep-brain stimulation.
B) a lobotomy.
C) rTMS.
D) ECT.

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An analyst who points out a patient's resistance to continuing the process of free association and provides the patient with insight into the reason for this resistance is engaging in


A) systematic desensitization.
B) unconditional positive regard.
C) interpretation.
D) transference.

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Which form of psychotherapy is LEAST likely to occur in therapist-led small groups?


A) client-centered therapy
B) psychoanalysis
C) systematic desensitization
D) cognitive therapy

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Though not performed today,lobotomies provide a historical example of


A) psychosurgery.
B) psychopharmacology.
C) electroconvulsive therapy.
D) neurogenesis.

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Although Dr.Anderson uses systematic desensitization for the treatment of phobias,he prescribes antianxiety drugs as well.It is most likely that Dr.Anderson is a


A) psychoanalyst.
B) client-centered therapist.
C) cognitive therapist.
D) psychiatrist.

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Client-centered therapists emphasize the importance of


A) interpreting the meaning of clients' nonverbal behaviors.
B) enabling clients to feel unconditionally accepted.
C) helping clients construct a list of anxiety-triggering situations.
D) discouraging clients from using drugs.

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Aversive conditioning involves


A) replacing a negative response to a harmless stimulus with a positive response.
B) identifying a set of anxiety-triggering situations.
C) associating unwanted behaviors with unpleasant experiences.
D) systematically controlling the consequences of patients' maladaptive behaviors.

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Psychotherapy is most likely to be effective in freeing


A) Sharon from the feeling that her life is meaningless and worthless.
B) Portia from her delusions of persecution and auditory hallucinations.
C) Jim from an excessive fear of giving speeches in public.
D) Luther from his antisocial personality disorder.

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A statistical digest of the results of many different psychotherapy outcome studies is called a


A) therapeutic alliance.
B) randomized clinical trial.
C) meta-analysis.
D) free association.

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Geraldo,a second-year undergraduate,is so fearful of medical procedures that he has avoided routine dental checkups for over three years.He has recently contacted a psychotherapist for help in overcoming his fear.Describe how a behavior therapist and a psychodynamic therapist would treat Geraldo's problem.

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Dr.Judd is convinced that psychological disorders result largely from stressful social situations rather than from disturbances within the individual personality.Dr.Judd's belief is most consistent with the assumptions that underlie the work of


A) psychopharmacologists.
B) cognitive psychologists.
C) exposure therapists.
D) community psychologists.

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Some antidepressants block the reuptake or breakdown of both serotonin and another neurotransmitter,norepinephrine.These antidepressants are called


A) antipsychotic drugs.
B) mood-stabilizing drugs.
C) dual-action drugs.
D) ECTs.

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EMDR seems to be effective for treating


A) alcohol use disorder.
B) bulimia.
C) depression.
D) posttraumatic stress disorder.

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Three benefits attributed to all psychotherapies are


A) evidence-based practice,nondirective treatment,and meta-analysis.
B) hope,a new perspective,and a caring relationship.
C) exposure,desensitization,and relaxation.
D) insight,independence,and a placebo effect.

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By earning a client's trust,empathic and caring therapists promote


A) evidence-based practice.
B) a therapeutic alliance.
C) an eclectic approach.
D) meta-analysis.

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Lithium is often an effective ________ drug.


A) antipsychotic
B) antianxiety
C) antidepressant
D) mood-stabilizing

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