Question 1

According to Erikson,trust is to infancy as identity is to

Accepted Answer

A)   childhood.
B)   adolescence.
C)   young adulthood.
D)   late adulthood.

Question 2

The sequence in which babies master the skills of rolling over,sitting,crawling,and walking is the same around the world.This best illustrates the importance of ________ in motor development.

Accepted Answer

A)   temperament
B)   maturation
C)   imprinting
D)   object permanence

Question 3

Poor memory for early life experiences results from a baby's relative lack of

Accepted Answer

A)   secure attachment.
B)   maturation.
C)   egocentrism.
D)   stranger anxiety.

Question 4

The importance of schemas was most clearly highlighted by

Accepted Answer

A)   Erikson's psychosocial development theory.
B)   Piaget's cognitive development theory.
C)   Harlow's attachment theory.
D)   Vygotsky's social cognitive theory.

Question 5

According to Kohlberg,postconventional morality involves

Accepted Answer

A)   behavior based on self-interest.
B)   affirmation of self-defined ethical principles.
C)   strong concern for social approval.
D)   unquestioning obedience to authority figures.

Question 6

Which of the following is true of adolescence in contemporary industrialized societies,as compared with previous centuries?

Accepted Answer

A)   It begins earlier in life and ends earlier in life.
B)   It begins later in life and ends earlier in life.
C)   It begins earlier in life and ends later in life.
D)   It begins later in life and ends later in life.

Question 7

Five-year-olds who were surprised to discover that a Band-Aid box contained pencils were able to anticipate their friend's false belief about the contents of the box.This best illustrates that the children had developed a

Accepted Answer

A)   secure attachment.
B)   conventional morality.
C)   theory of mind.
D)   concept of conservation.

Question 8

Many people would find it more morally repulsive to kill someone by thrusting a knife into his or her body than by shooting him or her with a gun from a distance.This is best explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)   Erikson's psychosocial perspective.
B)   Piaget's cognitive development perspective.
C)   Haidt's intuitionist perspective.
D)   Kohlberg's moral development perspective.

Question 9

Psychologists who view the developmental process as a sequence of distinct stages generally believe that ________ is (are) the same for everyone.

Accepted Answer

A)   both the order and the timing of the stages
B)   the order but not the timing of the stages
C)   the timing but not the order of the stages
D)   neither the order nor the timing of the stages

Question 10

According to Piaget,children acquire the mental operations needed to comprehend such things as mathematical transformations and conservation during the ________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)   preoperational
B)   sensorimotor
C)   concrete operational
D)   formal operational

Question 11

Adolescents are most likely to be influenced by their parents with respect to ________,and they are most likely to be influenced by their peers with respect to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   online communication habits;college choices
B)   dating practices;religious faith
C)   bedtime preferences;political views
D)   career choices;clothing preferences

Question 12

Mark believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people.Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ________ morality.

Accepted Answer

A)   conventional
B)   unconventional
C)   preconventional
D)   postconventional

Question 13

A stage theory of development was advanced by

Accepted Answer

A)   Lawrence Kohlberg.
B)   Erik Erikson.
C)   Jean Piaget.
D)   all of these psychologists.

Question 14

Sixty-five-year-olds should drive cars with ________ windshields because with age the eye's lens becomes ________ transparent.

Accepted Answer

A)   tinted;more
B)   tinted;less
C)   untinted;more
D)   untinted;less

Question 15

Ross believes that personality development is a matter of sudden qualitative changes at various turning points in the life span.His viewpoint is most directly relevant to the issue of

Accepted Answer

A)   stability and change.
B)   nature and nurture.
C)   stimulation and habituation.
D)   continuity and stages.

Question 16

Formal operational thought is most necessary for the development of ________ morality.

Accepted Answer

A)   collectivist
B)   conventional
C)   preconventional
D)   postconventional

Question 17

Professor Kuilema compared the moral intuitions of one group of children,a second group of adolescents,and a third group of adults by assessing their reactions to a variety of moral dilemmas.Professor Kuilema conducted a ________ study.

Accepted Answer

A)   longitudinal
B)   social clock
C)   cross-sectional
D)   neurogenesis

Question 18

Compared with the children of authoritarian parents,the children of authoritative parents are

Accepted Answer

A)   less likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and more likely to demonstrate social competence.
B)   more likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and less likely to demonstrate social competence.
C)   less likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and less likely to demonstrate social competence.
D)   more likely to develop a sense of self-reliance and more likely to demonstrate social competence.

Question 19

If a child realizes that others may have false beliefs,we can probably say that the child is not completely

Accepted Answer

A)   egocentric.
B)   accommodated.
C)   imprinted.
D)   authoritarian.

Question 20

After Nadia learned that penguins can't fly,she had to modify her existing concept of birds.This best illustrates the process of

Accepted Answer

A)   conservation.
B)   assimilation.
C)   egocentrism.
D)   accommodation.

Exam 4: Developing Through the Life Span

Formal operational thought is most necessary for the development of ________ morality.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ross believes that personality development is a matter of sudden qualitative changes at various turning points in the life span.His viewpoint is most directly relevant to the issue of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared with the children of authoritarian parents,the children of authoritative parents are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is true of adolescence in contemporary industrialized societies,as compared with previous centuries?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A stage theory of development was advanced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The importance of schemas was most clearly highlighted by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Erikson,trust is to infancy as identity is to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The sequence in which babies master the skills of rolling over,sitting,crawling,and walking is the same around the world.This best illustrates the importance of ________ in motor development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Kuilema compared the moral intuitions of one group of children,a second group of adolescents,and a third group of adults by assessing their reactions to a variety of moral dilemmas.Professor Kuilema conducted a ________ study.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sixty-five-year-olds should drive cars with ________ windshields because with age the eye's lens becomes ________ transparent.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Kohlberg,postconventional morality involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After Nadia learned that penguins can't fly,she had to modify her existing concept of birds.This best illustrates the process of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Five-year-olds who were surprised to discover that a Band-Aid box contained pencils were able to anticipate their friend's false belief about the contents of the box.This best illustrates that the children had developed a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many people would find it more morally repulsive to kill someone by thrusting a knife into his or her body than by shooting him or her with a gun from a distance.This is best explained in terms of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If a child realizes that others may have false beliefs,we can probably say that the child is not completely

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Poor memory for early life experiences results from a baby's relative lack of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mark believes that choosing to violate government laws is morally justifiable if it is done to protect the lives of innocent people.Kohlberg would suggest that this illustrates ________ morality.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Adolescents are most likely to be influenced by their parents with respect to ________,and they are most likely to be influenced by their peers with respect to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychologists who view the developmental process as a sequence of distinct stages generally believe that ________ is (are) the same for everyone.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Piaget,children acquire the mental operations needed to comprehend such things as mathematical transformations and conservation during the ________ stage.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Sixty-five-year-olds should drive cars with windshields because with age the eye's lens becomes transparent.

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Adolescents are most likely to be influenced by their parents with respect to ,and they are most likely to be influenced by their peers with respect to .

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