Question 1

Regular use of a CPAP machine is most frequently prescribed for the treatment of

Accepted Answer

A)   insomnia.
B)   sleep apnea.
C)   narcolepsy.
D)   night terrors.

Question 2

After suffering a trauma,people commonly report nightmares.One of the benefits of these nightmares is that they help

Accepted Answer

A)   prevent paradoxical sleep.
B)   reduce sleep apnea.
C)   increase REM rebound.
D)   extinguish daytime fears.

Question 3

Neuroadaptation refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   the pain relief that occurs following the use of narcotic drugs.
B)   continued drug craving and use despite its significant dangers.
C)   the change in brain chemistry that offsets the effect of a psychoactive drug.
D)   increased sympathetic nervous system activity following the use of stimulant drugs.

Question 4

Which theory emphasizes that dreams simulate reality by drawing on our current understandings or reality?

Accepted Answer

A)   wish-fulfillment theory
B)   neural activation theory
C)   memory consolidation theory
D)   cognitive development theory

Question 5

The cocktail party effect provides an example of

Accepted Answer

A)   change blindness.
B)   dual processing.
C)   selective attention.
D)   blindsight.

Question 6

Participants in a sexual stimulation study who mistakenly thought they had consumed alcohol were more likely than those who thought they had not consumed alcohol to report having strong sexual fantasies and feeling guilt-free.This study best illustrated the impact of

Accepted Answer

A)   drug tolerance.
B)   drug addiction.
C)   user expectations.
D)   neuroadaptation.

Question 7

After ingesting a small dose of a psychoactive drug,Laqueta experienced vivid visual hallucinations and felt as if she were separated from her own body.Laqueta most likely experienced the effects of

Accepted Answer

A)   cocaine.
B)   LSD.
C)   heroin.
D)   marijuana.

Question 8

Increased activity in the ________ during REM sleep may best explain why dream images are often accompanied by a strong emotional tone.

Accepted Answer

A)   suprachiasmatic nucleus
B)   frontal lobes
C)   pineal gland
D)   amygdala

Question 9

At 3 o'clock in the morning,John has already slept for four hours.As long as his sleep continues,we can expect an increasing occurrence of

Accepted Answer

A)   hypnagogic sensations.
B)   muscle tensions.
C)   REM sleep.
D)   NREM-3 sleep.

Question 10

The activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why

Accepted Answer

A)   most dreams are realistic portrayals of pleasant life events.
B)   people often experience sudden visual images during REM sleep.
C)   dreams typically express unacceptable feelings in a symbolically disguised form.
D)   individuals with sleep apnea are unable to recall any of their dreams.

Question 11

Narcolepsy is a disorder in which a person

Accepted Answer

A)   temporarily stops breathing during sleep.
B)   has sudden uncontrollable seizures.
C)   experiences uncontrollable attacks of overwhelming sleepiness.
D)   has difficulty falling and staying asleep.

Question 12

Sleep deprivation increases levels of the hunger-arousing hormone ________ and decreases levels of the hunger-suppressing hormone ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   melatonin;cortisol
B)   serotonin;orexin
C)   ghrelin;leptin
D)   epinephrine;norepinephrine

Question 13

Damage to the brain's visual perception track without any damage to the brain's visual action track is associated with a condition known as

Accepted Answer

A)   selective attention.
B)   blindsight.
C)   parallel processing.
D)   change blindness.

Question 14

The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the

Accepted Answer

A)   suprachiasmatic nucleus.
B)   hippocampus.
C)   amygdala.
D)   brainstem.

Question 15

Research on sleep patterns indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)   older adults and newborns have very similar sleep patterns.
B)   different sleep patterns reflect differences in latent dream content.
C)   everyone needs a minimum of 8 hours of sleep per night to function well.
D)   sleep patterns are genetically influenced.

Question 16

Alcohol consumption is likely to ________ attention to an arousing provocation and ________ attention to normal inhibitions.

Accepted Answer

A)   decrease;increase
B)   increase;decrease
C)   decrease;decrease
D)   increase;increase

Question 17

Human body temperatures typically

Accepted Answer

A)   rise with the approach of morning and fall with the approach of night.
B)   rise with the approach of night and fall with the approach of morning.
C)   rise with the approach of NREM-1 sleep and fall with the approach of REM sleep.
D)   rise with the approach of REM sleep and fall with the approach of NREM-1 sleep.

Question 18

Hallucinations similar to those that accompany the near-death experience can be produced by

Accepted Answer

A)   oxygen deprivation.
B)   disinhibition.
C)   endorphins.
D)   the dopamine reward system.

Question 19

Shane,a straight-A student,remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test.According to Freud,Shane's account represents the ________ content of his dream.

Accepted Answer

A)   paradoxical
B)   latent
C)   hypnagogic
D)   manifest

Question 20

The reckless,aggressive behavior that may follow alcohol consumption best illustrates that alcohol may act as a

Accepted Answer

A)   methamphetamine.
B)   disinhibitor.
C)   hallucinogen.
D)   stimulant

Exam 3: Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind

Hallucinations similar to those that accompany the near-death experience can be produced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which theory emphasizes that dreams simulate reality by drawing on our current understandings or reality?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Regular use of a CPAP machine is most frequently prescribed for the treatment of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Participants in a sexual stimulation study who mistakenly thought they had consumed alcohol were more likely than those who thought they had not consumed alcohol to report having strong sexual fantasies and feeling guilt-free.This study best illustrated the impact of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The activation-synthesis theory best helps to explain why

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Damage to the brain's visual perception track without any damage to the brain's visual action track is associated with a condition known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Shane,a straight-A student,remembers dreaming that he failed an important chemistry test.According to Freud,Shane's account represents the ________ content of his dream.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At 3 o'clock in the morning,John has already slept for four hours.As long as his sleep continues,we can expect an increasing occurrence of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The reckless,aggressive behavior that may follow alcohol consumption best illustrates that alcohol may act as a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sleep deprivation increases levels of the hunger-arousing hormone ________ and decreases levels of the hunger-suppressing hormone ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Narcolepsy is a disorder in which a person

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After ingesting a small dose of a psychoactive drug,Laqueta experienced vivid visual hallucinations and felt as if she were separated from her own body.Laqueta most likely experienced the effects of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Human body temperatures typically

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Increased activity in the ________ during REM sleep may best explain why dream images are often accompanied by a strong emotional tone.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alcohol consumption is likely to ________ attention to an arousing provocation and ________ attention to normal inhibitions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on sleep patterns indicates that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After suffering a trauma,people commonly report nightmares.One of the benefits of these nightmares is that they help

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cocktail party effect provides an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Neuroadaptation refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Sleep deprivation increases levels of the hunger-arousing hormone and decreases levels of the hunger-suppressing hormone .

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Alcohol consumption is likely to attention to an arousing provocation and attention to normal inhibitions.

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