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Rogers' and Maslow's emphasis on developing human strengths laid the groundwork for today's


A) positive psychology.
B) Big Five.
C) empiricism.
D) cognitive neuroscience.

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After getting lost in a forest,Andrea became so hungry and thirsty that she became preoccupied with finding something to eat and drink.She was most clearly focused on satisfying ________ needs in Maslow's pyramid-shaped hierarchy of needs.


A) self-actualization
B) self-transcendence
C) base-level
D) midlevel

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A personality inventory that utilizes only those items that have been shown to differentiate particular groups of people is a(n) _________ test.


A) factor analytic
B) self-esteem
C) projective
D) empirically derived

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Impressions of just a few seconds of a teacher's expressive style are consistent with impressions of the teacher's expressive style over an entire semester.This best illustrates the importance of


A) self-esteem.
B) traits.
C) projective tests.
D) self-transcendence.

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In assessing a client's personal growth,Carl Rogers measured the correspondence between


A) introversion and extraversion.
B) the ideal self and the actual self.
C) the client's values and the therapist's values.
D) unconditional positive regard and self-actualization.

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Shauna's parental philosophy is to accept and love her children regardless of their behavioral,emotional,and academic problems.According to Carl Rogers,Shauna is giving her children


A) self-transcendence.
B) unconditional positive regard.
C) the reality principle.
D) self-actualization.

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Steven tends to be self-aware and self-accepting.He is open and spontaneous,loving and caring,and not heavily influenced by the opinions of others.According to Maslow,Steven has the characteristics of those who have reached


A) self-actualization.
B) self-transcendence.
C) unconditional positive regard.
D) individualism.

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Eric's friends can always count on him to help with any problem.Eric is very trusting and caring with his family and friends.Eric would score high on the Big Five factor of


A) extraversion.
B) agreeableness.
C) conscientiousness.
D) openness.

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Humanistic psychologists were especially interested in assessing an individual's


A) traits.
B) self-concept.
C) extraversion.
D) ideals.

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Mark and Jessica have a caring,accepting,nonjudgmental attitude toward each other and approach every discussion with this attitude.Mark and Jessica are demonstrating


A) unconscious motives.
B) unconditional positive regard.
C) self-actualization.
D) reciprocal determinism.

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Dion and Lashawndra hope to raise their 2-year-old daughter in a way that promotes a healthy self-concept.How does Carl Rogers describe a healthy self-concept? According to Rogers,what three ways can Dion and Lashawndra use to promote a healthy environment to nurture a healthy self-concept in their child?

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We can better predict drivers' behavior at traffic lights from knowing the color of the lights than from knowing the drivers' personalities.This best illustrates the importance of


A) individualism.
B) trait heritability.
C) self-transcendence.
D) situational influences.

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Which personality theorists have been criticized the most for encouraging individual selfishness and self-indulgence?


A) trait theorists
B) social-cognitive theorists
C) psychodynamic theorists
D) humanistic theorists

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Uma is completing a questionnaire about what she would like to be and what she currently is.As she completes the items,she realizes that she has already completed most of the main goals she set for herself.Carl Rogers would say that the ratings of her ideal and actual self are ________ and that she has a ________ self-concept.


A) successively close;positive
B) successively different;positive
C) successively close;negative
D) successively different;negative

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Around the world,people describe others' personality traits in terms that are consistent with a set of factors called


A) self-esteem needs.
B) the MMPI.
C) the hierarchy of needs.
D) the Big Five.

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Those who score high on the Big Five trait of ________ have brains that are wired to experience intense curiosity,imagination,and fantasy.


A) extraversion
B) conscientiousness
C) agreeableness
D) openness

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Humanistic psychology has been most closely associated with an emphasis on the importance of


A) empirically derived tests.
B) the Big Five factors.
C) a positive self-concept.
D) empiricism.

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Which of the following tests characteristically describes personality in complimentary terms?


A) the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire
B) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
C) MMPI
D) the Big Five Questionnaire

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Features of ________ have been observed to be common among people from a wide variety of cultures.


A) emotional stability
B) genuineness
C) the Big Five traits
D) unconditional positive regard

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A personality test reveals that Jacqueline is antagonistic,ruthless,and suspicious,whereas Melissa is acquiescent,soft-hearted,and trusting.It appears that Jacqueline and Melissa have scored at opposite ends of the ________ dimension of the Big Five.


A) conscientiousness
B) openness to experience
C) extraversion
D) agreeableness

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