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In their dispute over the role of cognition in emotion,both Zajonc and Lazarus agree that


A) cognitive reactions always precede emotional reactions.
B) emotional reactions always precede cognitive reactions.
C) some emotional reactions involve no conscious thinking.
D) cognitive reactions and emotional reactions always occur simultaneously.

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Who suggested that a "low road" neural shortcut enables rapid emotional responses before our conscious intellect intervenes?


A) Stanley Schachter
B) William James
C) Walter Cannon
D) Joseph LeDoux

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As people experience negative emotions


A) the right prefrontal cortex becomes more electrically active.
B) the right prefrontal cortex becomes less electrically active.
C) the left prefrontal cortex becomes more electrically active.
D) the left prefrontal cortex becomes less electrically active.

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Although newspapers reported that a murder victim had been stabbed with a knife,two police investigators knew that the actual murder weapon was a letter opener.While carefully monitoring the changes in heart rate and perspiration level of a prime suspect,the investigators asked him if he typically used a letter opener on his mail.The investigators were making use of the


A) two-factor theory.
B) James-Lange theory.
C) Concealed Information Test.
D) spillover effect.

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The right prefrontal cortex is more active than the left prefrontal cortex when people experience


A) pride.
B) joy.
C) disgust.
D) love.

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Heart rate,blood pressure,and blood sugar levels are increased in times of emergency by


A) the parasympathetic nervous system.
B) stress hormones.
C) the immune system.
D) glucose.

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Which of the following is NOT one of the basic components of emotion identified in the text?


A) physiological arousal
B) pupil contraction
C) conscious experience
D) expressive behavior

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In one experiment,college men were injected with epinephrine before spending time with either a joyful or an irritated person.The results of this experiment support the idea that


A) some emotions can be experienced apart from cognition.
B) there are subtle but distinct physiological differences among the emotions.
C) our experience of emotion depends on how we interpret the body's arousal.
D) happiness is largely a function of right frontal lobe activation.

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The basic components of emotion are


A) sympathetic arousal,parasympathetic inhibition,and cognitive labeling.
B) physical gestures,facial expressions,and psychological drives.
C) expressive behaviors,physiological arousal,and conscious experience.
D) cognition,affect,and behavior.

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We sometimes interpret our arousal before experiencing a complex emotional reaction such as hatred.These complex emotional reactions follow a neural pathway from


A) the thalamus to the amygdala to the cerebral cortex.
B) the amygdala to the cerebral cortex to the thalamus.
C) the thalamus to the cerebral cortex to the amygdala.
D) the amygdala to the thalamus to the cerebral cortex.

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Pon's younger brother used his new computer and somehow managed to permanently erase all of Pon's personal files,including one containing a 10-page term paper due tomorrow! According to the text,the anger Pon now feels involves all of the following EXCEPT


A) conscious experience.
B) a physiological response.
C) behavioral or expressive responses.
D) the spillover effect.

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A deep neural center activated when people smell some disgusting food or when they feel moral disgust in response to a perceived injustice is called the


A) anterior cingulate cortex.
B) insula.
C) hypothalamus.
D) hippocampus.

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Vaseem experienced excessive fear while flying because he interpreted his rapid heart rate,shallow breathing,and heavy perspiration as a reaction to the imminent danger of a plane crash.When his psychotherapist convinced him that this physical arousal was simply a harmless reaction to acceleration,cabin pressure,and confined space,his fear of flying was greatly reduced.The reduction in Vaseem's fear is best understood in terms of the


A) James-Lange theory.
B) two-factor theory.
C) Cannon-Bard theory
D) Concealed Information Test.

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Which of the following research findings would be consistent with the James-Lange theory of emotion?


A) Facial expressions of emotion inhibit the conscious experience of emotion.
B) Distinctly different brain circuits are associated with distinctly different emotions.
C) People with spinal cord injuries experience a considerable increase in the intensity of their angry feelings.
D) All of these statements are consistent with the James-Lange theory.

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Which division of the nervous system arouses the body and mobilizes its energy in emotionally stressful situations?


A) sympathetic
B) central
C) somatic
D) parasympathetic

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According to the Cannon-Bard theory,the experience of an emotion


A) depends on the intensity of physiological arousal.
B) can occur only after physiological arousal.
C) occurs simultaneously with physiological arousal.
D) precedes physiological arousal.

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In anger-provoking situations,sexually aroused people experience more intense hostility than those who are not sexually aroused.This best illustrates the


A) Cannon-Bard theory.
B) spillover effect.
C) James-Lange Theory.
D) Concealed Information Test.

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Mr.Hanson is strongly suspected of embezzling money from his employer.He has denied the allegation.To determine whether he is lying,investigators are most likely to ask Mr.Hanson to take a(n) ________ test.


A) electrocardiograph
B) polygraph
C) myograph
D) tomograph

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The Concealed Information Test is typically used to


A) evaluate a criminal's mental health.
B) assess a suspect's responses to details of a crime.
C) screen potential employees for possible past misdeeds.
D) determine the frequency with which an individual lies.

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College men given injections of epinephrine felt happiest if they were told the injection would produce ________ and if they were in the company of a person who was acting ________.


A) arousal;euphoric
B) arousal;irritated
C) no effects;euphoric
D) no effects;irritated

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