Question 1

According to Darley and Latané, the main factor causing people to refrain from helping is not wanting to get involved.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

What is one possible way to help promote contact among students from different backgrounds in a cooperative way?

Accepted Answer

A)   Reinforce the belief that the out-group is homogenous.
B)   Solidify preexisting stereotypes.
C)   Make success at a task dependent on students working together.
D)   Set up a competitive project in which students are forced to interact in order to win.

Question 3

The greater the level of fear in a message, the more effective it will be in changing attitudes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Altruistic behavior is behavior that:

Accepted Answer

A)   is intended to be helpful to others.
B)   unintentionally harms others.
C)   intentionally harms others.
D)   has no known motivation behind it.

Question 5

The participants of Milgram's obedience study played the role of "learner" in the experiment.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

When a group exerts such strong pressure to conform that it prevents people from expressing critical ideas, the group is suffering from ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   groupthink
B)   polarization
C)   risky shift
D)   deindividuation

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct definition of cognitive dissonance?

Accepted Answer

A)   a state of tension that occurs when a person's behavior does not correspond to the his or her attitude 
B)   the tendency for members of a group to avoid taking responsibility for their actions because they assume that others will do so 
C)   the tendency for members of a close-knit group to think alike for the sake of harmony and to suppress disagreement
D)   a belief that a statement is true just because the person has heard it repeated over and over again

Question 8

According to the text, the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba was a result of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   a weak leader
B)   groupthink
C)   risky shift
D)   group polarization

Question 9

The main task of the Solomon Asch studies was ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   selecting paint colors 
B)   judging line sizes 
C)   rating new fashions
D)   taste-testing new candies

Question 10

In Festinger and Carlsmith's (1959)  classic study on cognitive dissonance, participants who were paid $20 for doing a boring task, in contrast to those who were paid $1 for doing the same task, ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   liked the task more 
B)   liked the task less 
C)   liked the task equally as much
D)   were more likely to tell their friends to do the task

Question 11

Prejudice can be formed just like any other attitude can be formed-through direct instruction, modeling, and other learning influences-according to ________ theory.

Accepted Answer

A)   realistic conflict 
B)   equal status
C)   participant observation
D)   social cognitive

Question 12

Social influence in its most direct and powerful form is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   deindividuation
B)   obedience
C)   compliance
D)   conformity

Question 13

"I adore the girl next door." This phrase refers to what rule of attraction?

Accepted Answer

A)   saturation effect
B)   proximity 
C)   birds-of-a-feather effect 
D)   foot-in-the-door effect

Question 14

What term do psychologists use to describe our liking of other people?

Accepted Answer

A)   love
B)   appeal
C)   interpersonal attraction
D)   cognitive dissonance

Question 15

In Zimbardo's prison study, male college students agreed to participate in a two-week experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards. After the prisoners staged a revolt, the researchers found that ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the guards became more aggressive 
B)   all of the guards decided to quit the experiment
C)   the guards tried to be "tough but fair"
D)   the experimenters had everyone switch roles

Question 16

Giving in to indirect pressure to change your behavior and thoughts is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   conformity.
B)   compliance.
C)   obedience.
D)   persuasion.

Question 17

You want to visit Argentina, but your attitude about Argentina is changing as you read the news about the kidnappings that have occurred there. Which component of attitude is being affected?

Accepted Answer

A)   affective
B)   cognitive 
C)   behavioral 
D)   situational

Question 18

What term do psychologists use for the phenomenon that occurs when people are less likely to aid a person in trouble if there are other people around who are also potential helpers?

Accepted Answer

A)   bystander effect 
B)   sole-witness effect
C)   subtle aggressive effect
D)   antisocial behavior effect

Question 19

The foot-in-the-door approach encourages people to perform a larger or more costly act because:

Accepted Answer

A)   refusing a costly act makes them feel guilty.
B)   of a new self-image.
C)   they feel their effort is justified.
D)   they do not feel threatened.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT one of the processes associated with social identity theory?

Accepted Answer

A)   social categorization
B)   identification 
C)   authoritarianism 
D)   social comparison

Exam 12: Social Psychology

When a group exerts such strong pressure to conform that it prevents people from expressing critical ideas, the group is suffering from ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"I adore the girl next door." This phrase refers to what rule of attraction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prejudice can be formed just like any other attitude can be formed-through direct instruction, modeling, and other learning influences-according to ________ theory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The main task of the Solomon Asch studies was ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What term do psychologists use for the phenomenon that occurs when people are less likely to aid a person in trouble if there are other people around who are also potential helpers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Darley and Latané, the main factor causing people to refrain from helping is not wanting to get involved.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Social influence in its most direct and powerful form is known as ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT one of the processes associated with social identity theory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The participants of Milgram's obedience study played the role of "learner" in the experiment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The greater the level of fear in a message, the more effective it will be in changing attitudes.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the correct definition of cognitive dissonance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the text, the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba was a result of ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The foot-in-the-door approach encourages people to perform a larger or more costly act because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What term do psychologists use to describe our liking of other people?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Zimbardo's prison study, male college students agreed to participate in a two-week experiment to discover what would happen when they took on the roles of prisoners and guards. After the prisoners staged a revolt, the researchers found that ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is one possible way to help promote contact among students from different backgrounds in a cooperative way?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You want to visit Argentina, but your attitude about Argentina is changing as you read the news about the kidnappings that have occurred there. Which component of attitude is being affected?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Altruistic behavior is behavior that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Giving in to indirect pressure to change your behavior and thoughts is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Festinger and Carlsmith's (1959) classic study on cognitive dissonance, participants who were paid $20 for doing a boring task, in contrast to those who were paid $1 for doing the same task, ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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