Exam 8: Social and Personality Development in Early Childhood

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A) Lower levels of aggression
B) Withdrawal from both parents
C) Modeling inflicting of pain to get what one wants
D) Emotional flattening

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C

A) When his mother said,"Be careful! Don't spill your juice!" Benjamin angrily threw the glass on the floor.
B) When her father said,"No,you can't talk to Gramma now," Elizabeth alternately whined and threw tantrums for thirty minutes.
C) When his father said,"Let's go,it is beginning to rain," William said,"No! Won't go!" and continued to play.
D) When Muhammed's mother said,"Don't touch that! It's hot!" Muhammed pulled away from the stove.

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A) Racial stereotyping
B) Racial bias
C) Cross-race effect
D) Cross-racial bias effect

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A) The strategies that parents employ to reward their children
B) The characteristic strategies that parents use to manage children's behaviors
C) The temperamental tendencies that children show toward their children
D) The behavior that parents demonstrate when their children misbehave

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A) The presence or absence of testosterone prenatally has a strong influence on behavior.
B) The fetus's receptivity to estrogen is the primary influence of gender roles.
C) Prenatally,the absence of testosterone will have a stronger influence on behavior than will the presence of estrogen.
D) Prenatal hormones have very little,if any,influence on behavior and gender role.

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A) 2-3 years
B) 4-5 years
C) 5-6 years
D) 6-7 years

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A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Permissive
D) Uninvolved

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B

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It helps a child understand th...

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A) Impulse control is primarily a function of temperament,and impulsive children rarely grow out of it.
B) They learn through parental punishment.
C) Impulsivity simply diminishes over time.
D) They learn through social interactions that apply both positive reinforcement and negative punishment.

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Moral emotions are shame,guilt,and pride...

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A) Empathy for another's life condition
B) Global empathy
C) Personal empathy
D) Empathy for another's feelings

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A) They typically become more passive and compliant.
B) School performance usually improves.
C) They typically show more aggressive,defiant,or negative behavior.
D) If they are adolescent,they are less likely to experiment with drugs and alcohol.

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A) Mother/father power sharing
B) Disobedience
C) Clear and consistent rules
D) Discipline

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A) Specific activities and personal characteristics as "for girls" or "for boys"
B) That he will grow up and be a daddy
C) That he prefers to play with boys rather than girls
D) That Mommy will still be a girl even if she wears Daddy's cap and overalls and does Daddy's job of changing the oil in the car

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A) Warmth and nurturance
B) Firm discipline
C) Egalitarian authority
D) Freedom and flexibility

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Initially,the negative effects seem to impact boys to a greater degree,but over the long term,girls may be more severely affected.Age differences vary between different studies,so no conclusions can be drawn.It appears that ethnicity has very little effect on the negative consequences of divorce.