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Exam 22: The Origin of Species

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Question 21

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The next few questions refer to the evolutionary tree in Figure 22.4, whose horizontal axis represents time (present time is on the far right) and whose vertical axis represents morphological change. Figure 22.4 -Which species is least expected to have a good record of transitional fossils; in other words, which species' fossils, if present at all, are expected only in relatively superficial (i.e., shallow) strata?

A) V
B) W
C) X
D) Y
E) Z

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Question 22

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Two species of frogs belonging to the same genus occasionally mate, but the offspring fail to develop and hatch. What is the mechanism for keeping the two frog species separate?

A) the postzygotic barrier called hybrid inviability
B) the postzygotic barrier called hybrid breakdown
C) the prezygotic barrier called hybrid sterility
D) gametic isolation

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Question 23

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The difference between geographic isolation and habitat differentiation is the

If the low number of hybrid flies in the hybrid zone, relative to the number of D. santomea flies there, is due to the fact that hybrids are poorly adapted to conditions in the hybrid zone, and if fewer hybrid flies are produced with the passage of time, these conditions will most likely lead to

Which of the various species concepts distinguishes two species based on the degree of genetic exchange between their gene pools?

Which of these evolutionary trees represents the situation described in the previous paragraph? (Note: Yakuba (I) represents the island population, and yakuba (M) represents the mainland population.)

A hybrid zone is properly defined as

In a hypothetical situation, a certain species of flea feeds only on pronghorn antelopes. In rangelands of the western United States, pronghorns and cattle often associate with one another. If some of these fleas develop a strong preference for cattle blood and mate only with other fleas that prefer cattle blood, then over time which of these should occur, if the host mammal can be considered as the fleas' habitat? 1. reproductive isolation 2) sympatric speciation 3) habitat isolation 4) prezygotic barriers

Which factor is most important for explaining why there are equal numbers of snapping shrimp species on either side of the isthmus?

Which conclusion can be drawn from this evolutionary tree?

What is true of the flightless cormorants of the Galápagos Islands?

Males of different species of the fruit fly Drosophila that live in the same parts of the Hawaiian Islands have different elaborate courtship rituals. These rituals involve fighting other males and making stylized movements that attract females. What type of reproductive isolation does this represent?

The phenomenon of fusion is likely to occur when, after a period of geographic isolation, two populations meet again and

If a speciation event occurred on Sao Tomé, producing D. santomea from a parent colony of D. yakuba, then which of the following terms applies (apply) ? I. macroevolution II allopatric speciation III) sympatric speciation

Which of the following statements about species, as defined by the biological species concept, is (are) correct? I. Biological species are defined by reproductive isolation. II) Biological species are the models used for grouping extinct forms of life. III) The biological species is the largest unit of population in which successful interbreeding is possible.

Plant species A has a diploid number of 12. Plant species B has a diploid number of 16. A new species, C, arises as an allopolyploid from A and B. The diploid number for species C would probably be

Among known plant species, which of these have been the two most commonly occurring phenomena that have led to the origin of new species? 1. allopatric speciation 2) sympatric speciation 3) sexual selection 4) polyploidy

You are confronted with a box of preserved grasshoppers of various species that are new to science and have not been described. Your assignment is to separate them into species. There is no accompanying information as to where or when they were collected. Which species concept will you have to use?

According to the concept of punctuated equilibrium, the "sudden" appearance of a new species in the fossil record means that

Speciation