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Exam 4: Sex Determination and Sex-Linked Characteristics

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Question 41

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List three dosage compensation strategies for equalizing the amount of sex chromosome gene products.

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(1)Inactivation of one sex chromosome in...

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Question 42

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In rabbits, an allelic series helps to determine coat color: C (full color) , c^ch (chinchilla; gray color) , c^h (Himalayan; white with black extremities) , and c (albino; all white) .The C allele is dominant to all others, c^ch is dominant to c^h and c, c^h is dominant to c, and c is recessive to all the other alleles.This dominance hierarchy can be summarized as C > c^ch > c^h > c.Indicate the phenotypic ratios expected in rabbits with the cross Cc^h × c^hc.

A) 1 full color:1 chinchilla
B) 1 full color:1 Himalayan
C) 1 chinchilla:1 Himalayan
D) 3 full color:1 chinchilla
E) 2 full color:1 Himalayan:1 albino

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Question 43

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In chickens, comb shape is determined by genes at two loci (R, r and P, p) .A walnut comb is produced when at least one dominant gene R is present at one locus and at least one dominant gene P is present at a second locus (genotype R_ P_) .A rose comb is produced when at least one dominant gene is present at the first locus and two recessive genes are present at the second locus (genotype R_ pp) .A pea comb is produced when two recessive genes are present at the first locus and at least one dominant gene is present at the second (genotype rr P_) .If two recessive genes are present at the first and the second locus (rr pp) , a single comb is produced.Give genotypes for comb shape of the parents in the following cross: rose crossed with single produces 31 rose offspring.

Describe the differences between dominance, codominance, and incomplete dominance.

You are studying a gene that controls ossicone (horn) length in giraffes.The wild-type long-ossicone allele (L) is dominant to the mutant short-ossicone (l) allele.However, the L allele is only 60% penetrant.You cross two heterozygous giraffes.What proportion of offspring would you expect to exhibit the short ossicone phenotype? Assume the penetrance of L applies equally to both homozygotes and heterozygotes.

A man and a woman are trying to have children but are unsuccessful.The man's autosomes appear normal, but his sex chromosomes, shown in the following diagram, are not.The diagram also shows a normal male's sex chromosomes for reference.Can you tell if the mutation came from the man's mother or the man's father? Explain how you can tell.

The presence of a beard on some goats is determined by an autosomal gene that is dominant in males and recessive in females.Heterozygous males are bearded, while heterozygous females are beardless.What type of inheritance is exhibited by this trait?

You are trying to develop a new species of newt as an experimental model system.You know that in other species of newt, green (G)is dominant to brown (g)skin color and is determined by a sex-linked gene.You cross brown males to green females and see that in the F₁ all the males are green and all the females are brown.Which is the heterogametic sex in your species of newt?

Explain the genders of human and diploid Drosophila XO individuals.

In humans, blood types A and B are codominant to each other and each is dominant to O.What blood types are possible among the offspring of a couple of blood types AB and A?

In domestic chickens, some males display a plumage pattern called cock feathering.Other males and all females display a pattern called hen feathering.Cock feathering is an autosomal recessive trait that is exhibited in males only.What type of inheritance is exhibited by this trait?

A mother with blood type A has a child with blood type AB.Give all possible blood types for the father of this child.

List five different sex determination systems and a representative organism for each.

In rabbits, an allelic series helps to determine coat color: C (full color) , c^ch (chinchilla; gray color) , c^h (Himalayan; white with black extremities) , and c (albino; all white) .The C allele is dominant to all others, c^ch is dominant to c^h and c, c^h is dominant to c, and c is recessive to all the other alleles.This dominance hierarchy can be summarized as C > c^ch > c^h > c.Indicate the phenotypic ratios expected in rabbits with the cross c^chc^h × c^hc.

Which of the following statements about X inactivation in mammalian females is FALSE?

Compare and contrast the patterns of inheritance expected for Y-linked and X-linked recessive inheritance in humans.

A mother with blood type A has a child with blood type A.Give all possible blood types for the father of this child.

Two loci control body color in beetles.In a cross between a black beetle and a white beetle you obtain a ratio of 9 black to 7 white beetles.What kind of gene interaction is this?

Explain how a phenotype like height in a tree can be due to the influence of both genes and environment.

Which of the following chromosome constitutions would never lead to a viable human baby being born?