Question 1

Discuss and explain the operation of a nuclear reactor.

Accepted Answer

See Sectio...

Question 2

Which of the following is not a factor in determining the biological effects of radiation exposure?

Accepted Answer

A)   the energy of the radiation
B)   the age of the organism when the exposure occurs
C)   the penetrating ability of the radiation
D)   the ionizing ability of the radiation
E)   the chemical properties of the radiation source

Question 3

Radiocarbon dating is based on which decay process?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   All of the above
E)   None of the above

Question 4

The number of a certain radioactive nuclide present in a sample decays from 2.2  102 to 6.2  101 in 29 minutes. What is the half-life of this radioactive species?

Accepted Answer

A)   2.0  101 minutes
B)   4.4  10-2 minutes
C)   1.6  101 minutes
D)   7.1  101 minutes
E)   3.7 minutes

Question 5

What nuclide is necessary to balance the following fission reaction?  __________

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)

Question 6

Calculate E in kilojoules per mole for the reaction E in kilojoules per mole for the reaction   Atomic masses:   ,   ,   . A)  0 B)  +2.4  106 kJ/mol C)  +4.6  108 kJ/mol D)  -4.6  108 kJ/mol E)  -2.4  106 kJ/mol " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > Atomic masses: E in kilojoules per mole for the reaction   Atomic masses:   ,   ,   . A)  0 B)  +2.4  106 kJ/mol C)  +4.6  108 kJ/mol D)  -4.6  108 kJ/mol E)  -2.4  106 kJ/mol " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > , E in kilojoules per mole for the reaction   Atomic masses:   ,   ,   . A)  0 B)  +2.4  106 kJ/mol C)  +4.6  108 kJ/mol D)  -4.6  108 kJ/mol E)  -2.4  106 kJ/mol " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > , E in kilojoules per mole for the reaction   Atomic masses:   ,   ,   . A)  0 B)  +2.4  106 kJ/mol C)  +4.6  108 kJ/mol D)  -4.6  108 kJ/mol E)  -2.4  106 kJ/mol " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > .

Accepted Answer

A)   0
B)   +2.4  106 kJ/mol
C)   +4.6  108 kJ/mol
D)   -4.6  108 kJ/mol
E)   -2.4  106 kJ/mol

Question 7

Distinguish alpha-particle production and beta-particle production, and provide an example of each.

Accepted Answer

See Sectio...

Question 8

Radioactive elements decay via first-order kinetics. Consider a certain type of nucleus that has a rate constant of 2.4  10-2 h-1. A sample contains 7.6  108 radioactive nuclides. Calculate the time required to reduce that number to 1.6  108.

Accepted Answer

A)   11.4 h
B)   2.5  1010 h
C)   6.5  101 h
D)   2.8  101 h
E)   5.1  10-1 h

Question 9

Heavy nuclides with too few neutrons to be in the band of stability are most likely to decay by what mode?

Accepted Answer

A)   (-particle production) .
B)   fission
C)   ( production) .
D)   positron production
E)   none of these

Question 10

Consider the following process: E for the process? A)  1.15  1011 J/mol is released. B)  1.15  1014 J/mol is released. C)  1.15  1018 J/mol is absorbed. D)  1.15  1011 J/mol is absorbed. E)  none of these " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > Which statement describes E for the process?

Accepted Answer

A)   1.15  1011 J/mol is released.
B)   1.15  1014 J/mol is released.
C)   1.15  1018 J/mol is absorbed.
D)   1.15  1011 J/mol is absorbed.
E)   none of these

Question 11

When  emission, what are the products? A)    +  B)    C)    +  D)    +  E)    +  " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > undergoes  emission, what are the products?

Accepted Answer

A)    emission, what are the products? 
A)     +  
B)     
C)     +  
D)     +  
E)     +  " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > + 
B)    emission, what are the products? 
A)     +  
B)     
C)     +  
D)     +  
E)     +  " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >
C)    emission, what are the products? 
A)     +  
B)     
C)     +  
D)     +  
E)     +  " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > + 
D)    emission, what are the products? 
A)     +  
B)     
C)     +  
D)     +  
E)     +  " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > + 
E)    emission, what are the products? 
A)     +  
B)     
C)     +  
D)     +  
E)     +  " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > + 

Question 12

The most likely decay mode (or modes)  of the unstable nuclide -particle production) . C)  ( emission) . D)  electron capture. E)  either positron production or electron capture or both. " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > would be

Accepted Answer

A)   positron production.
B)   (-particle production) .
C)   ( emission) .
D)   electron capture.
E)   either positron production or electron capture or both.

Question 13

Electron capture transforms  into what nuclide?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)

Question 14

An unstable isotope of Re-191 is a beta producer. What is the other product of the reaction?

Accepted Answer

A)   W-191
B)   Os-191
C)   Os-190
D)   Pt-192
E)   Re-192

Question 15

A 0.20-mL sample of a solution containing  103 cps is injected into the bloodstream of an animal. After circulatory equilibrium has been established, a 0.20-mL sample of blood is found to have an activity of 20 cps. Calculate the blood volume of the animal. A)  18 mL B)  180 mL C)  11 mL D)  37 mL E)  none of these " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > that produces 3.7  103 cps is injected into the bloodstream of an animal. After circulatory equilibrium has been established, a 0.20-mL sample of blood is found to have an activity of 20 cps. Calculate the blood volume of the animal.

Accepted Answer

A)   18 mL
B)   180 mL
C)   11 mL
D)   37 mL
E)   none of these

Question 16

The half-life for electron capture for  109 years. What percent of the original   remains after 3.90 109 years? A)  12.5% B)  75.0% C)  25.0% D)  33.3% E)  50.0% " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > is 1.30  109 years. What percent of the original  109 years. What percent of the original   remains after 3.90 109 years? A)  12.5% B)  75.0% C)  25.0% D)  33.3% E)  50.0% " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > remains after 3.90 109 years?

Accepted Answer

A)   12.5%
B)   75.0%
C)   25.0%
D)   33.3%
E)   50.0%

Question 17

The nuclide - and -particle emissions occurs, taking the atom through many transformations to end up as an atom of   . How many  particles are emitted in converting   into   ? A)  8 B)  214 C)  4 D)  6 E)  2 " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > is radioactive. When one of these atoms decays, a series of - and -particle emissions occurs, taking the atom through many transformations to end up as an atom of - and -particle emissions occurs, taking the atom through many transformations to end up as an atom of   . How many  particles are emitted in converting   into   ? A)  8 B)  214 C)  4 D)  6 E)  2 " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > . How many  particles are emitted in converting - and -particle emissions occurs, taking the atom through many transformations to end up as an atom of   . How many  particles are emitted in converting   into   ? A)  8 B)  214 C)  4 D)  6 E)  2 " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > into - and -particle emissions occurs, taking the atom through many transformations to end up as an atom of   . How many  particles are emitted in converting   into   ? A)  8 B)  214 C)  4 D)  6 E)  2 " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > ?

Accepted Answer

A)   8
B)   214
C)   4
D)   6
E)   2

Question 18

Radioactive elements decay via first-order kinetics. Consider a certain type of nucleus that has a rate constant of 1.0  10-3 h-1. A sample contains 5.0  109 radioactive nuclides. Calculate the number of nuclides remaining after 39 days have passed.

Accepted Answer

A)   64
B)   7.8  10-11
C)   2.0  109
D)   5.0  109
E)   2.5  109

Question 19

Which of the following statements is true of the fission of uranium-235?

Accepted Answer

A)   The nuclides produced are individually heavier than the uranium nuclide.
B)   The ultimate nuclides produced are more stable than the uranium nuclide.
C)   The electron is captured by the nucleus, which becomes unstable.
D)   The products include neutrons.
E)   two of these

Question 20

Discuss and explain the operation of a scintillation counter.

Accepted Answer

See Sectio...

Exam 20: The Nucleus: a Chemists View

Radioactive elements decay via first-order kinetics. Consider a certain type of nucleus that has a rate constant of 2.4  10-2 h-1. A sample contains 7.6  108 radioactive nuclides. Calculate the time required to reduce that number to 1.6  108.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The number of a certain radioactive nuclide present in a sample decays from 2.2  102 to 6.2  101 in 29 minutes. What is the half-life of this radioactive species?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Radioactive elements decay via first-order kinetics. Consider a certain type of nucleus that has a rate constant of 1.0  10-3 h-1. A sample contains 5.0  109 radioactive nuclides. Calculate the number of nuclides remaining after 39 days have passed.

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The half-life for electron capture for is 1.30  109 years. What percent of the original remains after 3.90 109 years?

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Radiocarbon dating is based on which decay process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss and explain the operation of a scintillation counter.

Correct AnswerverifiedSee Sectio...View AnswerShow Answer

A 0.20-mL sample of a solution containing that produces 3.7  103 cps is injected into the bloodstream of an animal. After circulatory equilibrium has been established, a 0.20-mL sample of blood is found to have an activity of 20 cps. Calculate the blood volume of the animal.

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Consider the following process: Which statement describes E for the process?

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Which of the following is not a factor in determining the biological effects of radiation exposure?

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What nuclide is necessary to balance the following fission reaction? __________

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Distinguish alpha-particle production and beta-particle production, and provide an example of each.

Correct AnswerverifiedSee Sectio...View AnswerShow Answer

An unstable isotope of Re-191 is a beta producer. What is the other product of the reaction?

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Which of the following statements is true of the fission of uranium-235?

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The nuclide is radioactive. When one of these atoms decays, a series of - and -particle emissions occurs, taking the atom through many transformations to end up as an atom of . How many  particles are emitted in converting into ?

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Electron capture transforms into what nuclide?

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Heavy nuclides with too few neutrons to be in the band of stability are most likely to decay by what mode?

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The most likely decay mode (or modes) of the unstable nuclide would be

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Discuss and explain the operation of a nuclear reactor.

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When undergoes  emission, what are the products?

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Calculate E in kilojoules per mole for the reaction Atomic masses: , , .

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Radioactive elements decay via first-order kinetics. Consider a certain type of nucleus that has a rate constant of 2.4  10^-² h^-¹. A sample contains 7.6  10⁸ radioactive nuclides. Calculate the time required to reduce that number to 1.6  10⁸.

Correct Answer
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The number of a certain radioactive nuclide present in a sample decays from 2.2  10² to 6.2  10¹ in 29 minutes. What is the half-life of this radioactive species?

Correct Answer
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Radioactive elements decay via first-order kinetics. Consider a certain type of nucleus that has a rate constant of 1.0  10^-³ h^-¹. A sample contains 5.0  10⁹ radioactive nuclides. Calculate the number of nuclides remaining after 39 days have passed.

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The half-life for electron capture for is 1.30  10⁹ years. What percent of the original remains after 3.90 10⁹ years?

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See Sectio...
View Answer

A 0.20-mL sample of a solution containing that produces 3.7  10³ cps is injected into the bloodstream of an animal. After circulatory equilibrium has been established, a 0.20-mL sample of blood is found to have an activity of 20 cps. Calculate the blood volume of the animal.

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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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See Sectio...
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Correct Answer
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The nuclide is radioactive. When one of these atoms decays, a series of - and ^-particle emissions occurs, taking the atom through many transformations to end up as an atom of . How many  particles are emitted in converting into ?

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Correct Answer
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See Sectio...
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