Exam 12: Business Intelligence

A) decision support systems
B) digital dashboards
C) functional area information systems
D) group decision support systems
E) expert systems

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A) Structured
B) Unstructured
C) Undocumented
D) Semistructured
E) Procedural

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A) interpersonal
B) entrepreneurial
C) informational
D) decisional
E) confrontational

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A

A) They are complex.
B) They typically are fuzzy and unclear.
C) Standard solutions exist.
D) Human intuition is involved.
E) The first three phases of the decision-making process occur in no particular sequence.

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A) dashboards
B) global positioning systems
C) decision support systems
D) expert systems
E) neural networks

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What-if analysis is a technique used to ...

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A) If Shawn changes one of his assumptions, Excel will automatically recalculate the budget numbers.
B) Shawn would use sensitivity analysis to check the impact of changing his price.
C) Shawn would use roll-up to review his summary numbers.
D) Shawn would use what-if analysis to check the impact of changing his price and the commission he pays his sales people.
E) Shawn would use goal-seeking analysis to examine the impact of changing his forecast of units sold.

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A) every record or digital object has a unique identifier
B) every record or digital object is visible to the user
C) every record or digital object must be accessed by programmers
D) every record or digital object has an identified geographical location
E) every record or digital object is encrypted

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OLAP, which stands for Online Analytical Processing, is a category of software tools that provide analysis of data stored in a database. OLAP allows users to conduct multidimensional analysis of business data and provides the capability for complex calculations, trend analysis, and sophisticated data modeling. It is an approach to quickly answer multi-dimensional analytical queries. The key element of OLAP is the concept of multidimensionality, which allows for complex calculations, trend analysis, and data modeling. This is where the data cube comes into play. A data cube is a multi-dimensional array of values, typically derived from a relational database. To understand a data cube, imagine a spreadsheet that has more than two dimensions. While a traditional spreadsheet is two-dimensional (rows and columns), a data cube has three or more dimensions. These dimensions are aspects of the data that can be summarized, such as time, geography, product, and customer demographics. Each cell within a data cube contains aggregated data related to elements along each of its dimensions. For example, in a retail sales data cube, one can have dimensions like time (years, quarters, months), products (categories, brands, items), and location (countries, cities, stores). A cell in this cube might contain the total sales for a particular product, in a specific store, during a certain month. Users can "slice and dice" the data cube to look at different facets of the data. "Slicing" is taking a single layer from the cube—for instance, sales for a specific month—while "dicing" is creating a sub-cube by selecting specific values of multiple dimensions—for example, sales for a particular product in a certain region over a set time period. OLAP tools can also perform operations such as "drill-down" and "roll-up". Drill-down involves navigating from summarized data to more detailed data, while roll-up is the opposite, summarizing detailed data into more general terms. In summary, OLAP is a powerful technology for data discovery, including capabilities for limitless report viewing, complex analytical calculations, and predictive “what if” scenario planning. The data cube is a central component of OLAP and provides a multidimensional view of data, which allows for quick access to strategic information for analysis.

A) How many levels do you wish to drill down?
B) What are your key performance indicators?
C) Do you need real-time data?
D) Do you want graphs and charts or text?
E) Should it run on your iPhone?

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A) undocumented
B) structured
C) unstructured
D) semistructured
E) documented

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A) The number of alternatives is decreasing.
B) Decisions must typically be made under time pressure.
C) Decisions are becoming more complex.
D) There is a growing need to access remote information sources.
E) Decision makers are often based in different locations.

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A) The data in the data warehouse can be used by all departments in the company.
B) Norfolk Southern does not share its data with external customers.
C) The data were used to determine where to locate field offices.
D) The dashboard application uses visualization technology.
E) The data for the data warehouse come from operational systems.

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The three major roles of managers are pl...

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A) It is routine.
B) It is repetitive.
C) Human intuition is not involved.
D) The first three phases of the decision-making process need not occur in any particular sequence
E) Standard solutions exist.

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D

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A) It enabled university professionals to mine large amounts of structured data.
B) It made the process of finding partners more difficult due to information overload.
C) It successfully interfaced with the university's database.
D) It shortened the triage process.
E) It freed up time that enabled university professionals to launch new companies.

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