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Porter's four generic business strategies are differentiation,__________,differentiation focus,and cost leadership.


A) cost focus
B) diversification
C) service leadership
D) quality leadership
E) competition-focus

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S.Navy Admiral Grace Murray Hopper gave famous advice that a program champion should follow when cutting through an organization's red tape: __________


A) Implement a do it,fix it,try it" approach.
B) Take a "go and see" approach.
C) "Avoid paralysis by analysis."
D) Have a "bias for action."
E) "Better to ask forgiveness than permission."

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A recent study showed that firms used two different kinds of metrics when analyzing performance on innovation and new product development.These consist of output and input metrics.Which of the following is an input metric?


A) number of new products or services launched
B) R&D spending as a percentage of sales
C) return on assets (ROA) for existing products or services
D) customer satisfaction with new products or services
E) revenue growth due to new products or services

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The information needed for the implementation phase of the strategic marketing process includes: (1) __________; (2) organizational charts;and (3) marketing research reports.


A) a time-based agenda and an action item list
B) positioning studies
C) market-product grids with target segments and product groupings
D) detailed plans to execute the marketing program
E) projected future sales,expenses,and profits

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The essence of marketing evaluation is (1) comparing results with planned goals to identify deviations and (2) __________.


A) taking corrective actions
B) devising a new budget
C) revising the goals that fell short of expectations
D) investigating the causes of deviations
E) updating the marketing plan

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A generic business strategy refers to a strategy that


A) seeks opportunities by finding the optimum balance between marketing efficiencies versus R&D-manufacturing efficiencies.
B) can be adopted by any firm,regardless of the product or industry involved,to achieve a competitive advantage.
C) describes an organization's long-term course of action designed to deliver a unique customer experience while achieving its goals.
D) states the organization's function in society,often identifying its customers,markets,products,and technologies.
E) helps a firm search for growth opportunities from among current and new markets as well as current and new products.

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Which of the following pieces of information is used in the implementation phase of the strategic marketing process?


A) corporate return on investment
B) revenues associated with each point of market share
C) trends for industry and competitors
D) possible cannibalization effects on other products in the line
E) organizational charts

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One of Porter's generic business strategies that involves controlling expenses and,in turn,lowering product prices targeted at a narrow range of markets segments is referred to as a __________ strategy.


A) cost focus
B) cost leadership focus
C) differentiation focus
D) differentiation
E) profit enhancement

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__________ output report would be associated with the planning phase of the strategic marketing process.


A) action memo
B) operating statement
C) marketing dashboard
D) marketing plan
E) corrective action memo

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One of Porter's four generic business strategies requires that products to have significant points of difference to target one or only a few market segments is referred to as a __________ strategy.


A) cost focus
B) differentiation
C) cost leadership
D) profit enhancement
E) differentiation focus

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Lockheed's Skunk Works is a leader in delivering world-class aircraft.About 50 engineers and designers and 100 expert machinists closely follow this guideline for organizational structure and implementation: use a small number of good people who


A) implement the idea that "it is better to ask forgiveness than permission."
B) know their jobs,as well as the ones around them.
C) can talk to anyone in the organization to solve a problem.
D) recognize that everyone should have a voice in decision-making.
E) never offer excuses,only explanations.

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Four basic business and management practices are what matter-"what really works," to use the phrase of the researchers who studied more than 200 management tools and techniques.These are: (1) strategy; (2) execution; (3) culture;and (4) __________.


A) structure
B) charismatic leadership
C) quality
D) sustainability
E) ethics

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Consider Figure 22-8: General Mills Marketing Dashboard Chart "C" above.As part of the Warm Delights marketing team at General Mills,you are asked to analyze and interpret the marketing dashboard for Warm Delights Minis.After a careful analysis of Chart "C," you are especially interested in the major changes that occurred from November to December.As a result,you would look most carefully at


A) mass and drug channels.
B) grocery and drug channels.
C) grocery and mass channels.
D) drug and warehouse channels.
E) mass and warehouse channels.

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You have been told that a company increased its marketing effort from $3 million to $5 million,resulting in increased sales revenue from $10 million to $20 million.Calculate the company's ratio of incremental sales revenue to incremental marketing effort.


A) 4:1
B) 1:5
C) 5:1
D) 1:4
E) 5:1.5

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Which of the following pieces of information is used in the development of the marketing program,the third step of the planning phase of the strategic marketing process?


A) marketing return on investment
B) market-product grids with target segments and product groupings
C) detailed plans to execute the marketing program
D) market potential studies
E) trends for industry and competitors

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Which of the following statements about the four basic business and management practices that researchers identified is most accurate?


A) Strategy and structure are more important for success than culture and execution.
B) Culture and execution are more important for success than strategy and structure.
C) In order for a company to be successful,it must use all four strategies.
D) In terms of individual tools and techniques,the tool itself is less important than flawless execution of the one(s) the company does use.
E) No strategy can work unless every stakeholder buys into it one hundred percent.

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In Porter's generic business strategies shown in Figure 22-3 above,"C" refers to a __________ strategy.


A) quality focus
B) cost leadership
C) differentiation
D) cost focus
E) differentiation focus

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Consider Figure 22-8: General Mills Marketing Dashboard Chart "B" above.As part of the Warm Delights marketing team at General Mills,you are asked to analyze and interpret the marketing dashboard for Warm Delights Minis.After a careful analysis of Chart "B," you conclude the following:


A) the drug store channel has dramatically increased the average number of flavors Warm Delights Minis carried per store from November to December.
B) the drug store channel has dramatically increased monthly unit sales of Warm Delight Minis from November to December.
C) the drug store channel has dramatically increased monthly sales revenues of Warm Delights Minis from November to December.
D) the drug store channel has seen a dramatic increase in the percentage of stores carrying Warm Delights Minis from November to December.
E) the drug store channel has seen a dramatic decrease in the percentage of stores carrying Warm Delights Minis from November to December.

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Consider Figure 22-A above.Effective managers track the progress of their marketing plans to identify problems that need to be corrected.Sometimes,the problems are with the marketing plan and its strategies;at other times,they may be due to their implementation;and at still other times,they may be due to both.Recall that research on what really works shows that successful firms have excellence on both the planning and strategy side and the implementation or execution side.As Figure 22-A shows,marketers can develop and implement strategies that have four possible results.For "C," identify the MOST LIKELY result of the planning and implementation of the marketing plan and its strategies for a product or service.


A) Trouble: The solution is to recognize that only implementation is at fault and to correct it.
B) Success: The marketing program achieves its objectives.
C) Failure: The marketing program flounders and fails to achieve its objectives.
D) Trouble: The solution is to recognize that only the strategy is at fault and to correct it.
E) Cannot be determined with the information provided.

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When using share points to make marketing resource allocation decisions,marketing managers must estimate: (1) __________; (2) the revenues associated with each point of market; (3) the contribution to overhead and profit (or gross margin) of each share point;and (4) possible cannibalization effects on other products in the line.


A) the market share for the product
B) the number of market segments
C) the total production costs
D) the total financial resources available for a sustained marketing effort
E) the stage of the product in its product life cycle

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